Heart Disease & Heart Failure

Heart disease refers to a range of conditions that affect the heart. The most common type is coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to heart attacks.

• Types of Heart Disease:
• Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
• Arrhythmias (Irregular Heartbeats)
• Heart Valve Disease
• Cardiomyopathy (Heart Muscle Disease)
• Congenital Heart Defects

Heart failure, also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It is a chronic, progressive condition that can result from various heart diseases.

• Types of Heart Failure:
• Left-sided heart failure
• Right-sided heart failure
• Systolic vs. Diastolic failure

• Common Symptoms of Heart Disease:
• Chest pain or discomfort (Angina)
• Shortness of breath
• Palpitations
• Dizziness or fainting
• Fatigue
• Symptoms of Heart Failure:
• Shortness of breath (especially when lying down)
• Swelling in legs, ankles, or abdomen
• Rapid weight gain due to fluid retention
• Persistent cough or wheezing
• Fatigue and weakness

• Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
• Echocardiogram
• Cardiac MRI/CT scan
• Stress testing
• Blood tests (BNP, Troponin, etc.)
• Coronary angiography

• Lifestyle Changes:
• Regular exercise
• Quitting smoking
• Limiting alcohol intake
• Stress management
• Medications:
• Beta-blockers
• ACE inhibitors
• Diuretics
• Anticoagulants
• Statins

• Angioplasty & stents
• Bypass surgery
• Pacemakers & defibrillators
• Valve repair or replacement
• Heart transplant (in severe cases)

• Maintain a heart-healthy diet
• Exercise regularly
• Manage blood pressure and cholesterol
• Get regular checkups
• Avoid tobacco and limit alcohol
• Control diabetes and other underlying conditions

• If you experience symptoms such as chest pain, unexplained fatigue, or shortness of breath, seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis can prevent complications and improve your prognosis.